2022年高考(北京卷)英语真题及答案解析

2022北京高考英语考查学生综合语言运用的能力，而单项选择题难度则相对较低，但是更具有快速处理信息的能力。考生需要根据个人对题型难易程度的掌控来确定答题策略。以下是关于2022高考(北京卷)英语真题及答案解析的相关内容，供大家参考!

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)

英语

本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。

考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)

第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

One Monday morning,while the children were enjoying “free play”,I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a break. Suddenly,I1a movement of the heavy wooden door. This was the very door I2guided the children through to ensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill ( 寒意 ) go through my body.

My legs carried me to that door,and I pushed it open. It was one of my kindergarteners who I thought was3that day. He had been dropped off at school late and was4to open the door.

He must have been waiting there for quite a while!Without a word,I rushed him to the hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. He’d need time to5,and wouldn’t come for class the next day,I thought.

The next morning,one of the first to6was my little frostbitten boy. Not only did he run in with energy,but his7could be heard as loud as ever!I gave him a warm hug and told him how8I was to see him. His words have stayed with me all these years,“I knew you would open the door.”

That cold Monday morning,he waited a long,long while for adults to9. To a child,every minute feels like forever. He didn’t attempt to walk back home;he waited and trusted. This five-year-old taught me a powerful lesson in10.

1.A.caused B.spotted C.checked D.imagined

2.A.hesitantly B.randomly C.dizzily D.carefully

3.A.angry B.absent C.special D.noisy

4.A.courageous B.content C.unable D.unwilling

5.A.recover B.play C.change D.wait

6.A.settle B.gather C.arrive D.react

7.A.sneeze B.weep C.complaint D.laughter

8.A.lucky B.happy C.curious D.nervous

9.A.show up B.pull up C.hold up D.line up

10.A.gratitude B.forgiveness C.faith D.kindness

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

Helen was walking down the street late11the evening,her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags,she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on,she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention12(harm) her,Helen started to run. Eventually,the man13(catch) up with her,and he was only trying to return her wallet!

B

Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory,increasingly14(support) by experts,suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine15smells are dangerous or not:we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally16(have) no recognisable smell. However,a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.

C

Since people can’t always eat out or cook for17(they),they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste,especially plastic waste. That includes cups,bottles,and bags,most of18are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even19(bad). The use of those plastics20(increase) by300% since2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.

第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.

PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets,based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.

PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.

You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group,you decide what is covered in each session. That way,PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.

Registration in Term2will open at9am,21September2022.

Waiting lists

If a session is full,you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.

When you are placed on a waiting list,we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list,you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.

Deregistering

If you miss two PASS sessions in a row,you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.

You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error,email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu.

21.In PASS,students ______.

A.attend new lectures B.decide their own schedules

C.prepare problem sets in groups D.use their skills to solve problems

22.What can students do if a session is full?

A.Fill in the attendance sheet. B.Sign up for the waiting list.

C.Report their needs and feedback. D.Email the office their numbers on the list.

23.Students will be deregistered if ______.

A.they send emails in error B.they fail to work interactively

C.they give their places to others D.they miss two sessions in a row

B

My name is Alice. Early last year,I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on,constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this:I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did,which obviously in life is not possible,but it consumed me.

One day,I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me,but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.

A month later,Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back,I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass,but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation,applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications,and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.

I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential:I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait;I say:grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all,nature does not require our patience,but our action.

24.What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety?

A.Her inability to act her age. B.Her habit of consumption.

C.Her desire to be perfect. D.Her lack of inspiration.

25.How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice?

A.She decided to do something for nature. B.She tasted the sweetness of friendship.

C.She learned about the harm of desire. D.She built up her courage to speak up.

26.The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ______.

A.intelligent B.confident C.innovative D.critical

27.What can we learn from this passage?

A.Practice makes perfect. B.Patience is a cure of anxiety.

C.Action is worry’s worst enemy. D.Everything comes to those who wait.

C

“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer,she wrote later,because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers,but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that,and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.

Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced,processed,delivered and consumed,and looking at how those things intersect ( 交叉 ) with human health,the environment,economics and society. According to systems thinking,changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First,researchers need to identify all the players in that system;second,they must work out how they relate to each other;and third,they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.

Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security,the number of undernourished (营养不良) people in the world has been rising,despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of150biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories,sugar,fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence,some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least26,000biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known.

A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find,the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress ( 修正 ) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.

More researchers,policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results,but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.

28.The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph1to ______.

A.illustrate an argument B.highlight an opinion

C.introduce the topic D.predict the ending

29.What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?

A.The first objective of systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.

B.The relationships among players have been clarified.

C.Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.

D.The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.

30.As for systems thinking,which would the author agree with?

A.It may be used to justify power imbalance.

B.It can be applied to tackle challenges.

C.It helps to prove why hunger exists.

D.It goes beyond human imagination.

D

Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.

For decades,quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now,big tech companies have invested in quantum computing,as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly,quantum machines could help us “cure cancer,and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote,“is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”

As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding,researchers may mislead investors,journalists,the public and,worst of all,themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,excitement might give way to doubt,disappointment and anger,Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,Johnson suggests,perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor,who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.

After I read the book,Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum,the firm he co-founded in2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype,but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.

The company,he says,is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer,one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds,“People will naturally discount my opinions,but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”

Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”,as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor,just as I trust Johnson.

31.Regarding Johnson’s concerns,the author feels ______.

A.sympathetic B.unconcerned C.doubtful D.excited

32.What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?

A.His dominance in physics. B.The competition in the field.

C.His confidence in PyQuantum. D.The investment of tech companies.

33.What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph3most probably mean?

A.Open. B.Cool. C.Useful. D.Resistant.

34.Which would be the best title for the passage?

A.Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?

B.Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?

C.Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?

D.Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures,we tend to ignore our health.35It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.

36We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly,if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body,which is ready to be targeted by viruses.37This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.

It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.38For instance,we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.

Additionally,it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune ( 免疫 ) system and protects us against diseases.39This,in turn,gives us new goals of health and fitness.

A.Fitness levels decide the quality of life.

B.Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.

C.It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.

D. For instance,we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.

E. If we keep our body fit,we can enjoy life in a better manner.

F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.

G.This makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases.

第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)

第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Tom,a15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur ( 创业者 ),witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home:fruit infused ( 浸泡 ) water.

Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options,he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy,natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.

The bottle is made with a strainer ( 滤网 ) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water,without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.

Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores,but this15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks;and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).

Tom has been awarded several prizes,but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth,he says,“Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows,and there is no such thing as overnight success.”

40.What did Tom witness at his own school?

41.Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle?

42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why.

? Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.

43.Among Tom’s qualities,which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about40words)

第二节(20分)

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请英国好友Jim为你们班做一关于英语写作的线上经验交流。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：

1.建议交流的具体内容及其原因;

2.交流时间和其他相关事项。

注意：1.词数100左右;

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,

Li Hua

(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)

英语参考答案

第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)

第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

1.B2.D3.B4.C5.A

6.C7.D8.B9.A10.C

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

11.in12.to harm13.caught14.supported15.whether

16.has17.themselves18.which19.worse20.has increased

第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)

21.D22.B23.D24.C25.A

26.B27.C28.C29.A30.B

31.A32.C33.A34.D

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)

35.G36.B37.D38.F39.C

第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)

第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)

40.Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.

41.Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.

42.Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.

Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.

43.略。

第二节(20分)

范文：

Dear Jim,

How’s everything?

I’m writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing. Our classmates seem to be weak in organisation. Would you please give us some suggestions on how to connect sentences logically,how to develop a paragraph,and how to structure an essay?

The talk will be about an hour,and you can decide on a date at your convenience. Please let me know which platform you’ll be using. It would be great if we could have a10-minute question and answer session at the end of your talk.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

高考总复习注意事项

1、复习内容的广度

单元复习中注意内容的覆盖要全面、系统，不能有漏洞和死角，综合复习虽以重点、难点为主，但题型、方法要全面覆盖，考前最后一阶段还要对照考试大纲的要求，扫一下死角，避免复习中留下遗憾。

2、复习知识的深度

要吃透大纲教材，对照考试说明要求的能力层次把握复习的深度。建议从基础知识着眼。

3、复习训练的难度

高考试题的难度与参加考试人数和当年高等学校的录取人数是密切关联的。只有能把基础概念、基本原理、基本事实掌握了你就至少能拿到60%的分。复习应以基础知识为主，选择一些有一定难度的题目是必要的，要善于将少量有一定难度和技巧的试题融于基础知识的训练中，做到由易入难，化难为易，使学生有效地推进复习备考。